The book of Judges took place in a time when there was no king. The Lord wanted his people to follow his orders through the laws and prophets, however they rebelled. Because of His people disobedience, God subjected foreign powers. After, when the people called out to the Lord, He would call leaders known as Judges to deliver them out of bondage. The men that served as Judges of Israel are: Othniel, Ehud, Shamgar, Deborah, Gideon, Abimelech, Tola, Jair, Jephthah, Ibzan, Elon, Abdon, and Samson. Soon after Samson served as a Judge, the people who served after him lead to a downfall. The people became tired of the Judges and wanted a human king; God granted their wish against his will. An era in Old Testament history had ended.
It all began like this: "An angel of the Lord went up from Gilgal to Bochim and said "It is I who brought you up from Egypt and led you into the land which I promised on oath to your fathers. I said I would never break my covenant with you, but that you were not to make a pact with the inhabitants of this land, and you were not to pull down the altars. Yet you have not obeyed me. What do you mean by this? For now I tell you, I will not clear them out of your way; they shall become a snare for you." (Jgs 2:1-3) "When the angel of the Lord had made these threats to all the Israelites, the people wept outloud; so that place came to be called Bochim. They offered sacrifice there to the Lord." (Jgs 2:4-5) "But once the rest of that generation were gathered to their fathers, and a later generation arose that did not know the Lord, or what he had done for Israel, the Israelites offended the Lord by serving Baals." (Jgs 2:10-11) "He allowed them to fall into the power of their enemies round about whom they were no longer able to withstand. Whatever they undertook, the Lord turned into disaster for them, as in warning he had sworn he would do, till they were in great distress" (Jgs 2:14-15) "Whenever the Lord raised up judges for them, he would be with the judge and save them from the power of their enemies as long as the judge lived; it was thus the Lord took pity on their distressful cries under their oppressors. But when the judge died, they would lapse and do worse than their fathers, following other gods in service and worship, relinquishing none of their evil practices or stubborn conduct." (Jgs 2:18-19) In his anger toward Israel the Lord said, "Inasmuch as this nation has violated my covenant which I enjoined on their fathers, and has disobeyed me, I for my part will not clear away for them any more of the nations which Joshua left when he died." Through these nations the Israelites were to be made to prove whether or not they would keep to the way of the Lord and continue in it as their fathers had done; therefore the Lord allowed them to remain instead of expelling them immediately, or delivering them into the power of Israel." (Jgs 2: 20-23)
Othniel
Othniel went to war with Cushan-Rishathaim, the king of Mesopotamina whom the Israelites worshipped because of the transgressions against God.
When the Israelite forgot about their need for God and what He had done for them,God did two things: First, he allowed them to be defeated by what they were drawn into-prideful independence. Second, God delivered someone who will remind them about the power of God and their reliability upon God for His power in their life. God's second action could be seen in Othniel's name, meaning "power of God" and also in his life in that, "The Spirit of the Lord came upon Him." Othniel was a visible sign of His own power.Cushan-Rishathaim oppressed the Israelites for eight years; when they cried for God, Othniel was raised to be their deliverer. "The spirit of the Lord came upon him, and he judged Israel. When he went out to war, the Lord delivered Cushan-risha-thaim, king of Aram, into his power, so that he made him subject." (Jgs 3:10) Under Othniel, peace lasted for forty years.
Ehud tricked Eglon by saying he had a secret message intended for the king. When Eglon sent all his attendants away to hear the message, Ehud drew his sword out, saying "I have a message from God to you," and then stabbed the king in his belly.
Ehud
After the death Othniel, the Israelites were drawn to idolatry again.They worshipped Eglon, the fat king of Moab,because he attacked and defeated Israel, and took possession of their land, who oppressed the Israelites for eighteen years. The Israelites cried out to the Lord again, and He gave them a deliverer called Ehud, which means "strong" in Hebrew, a left-handed judge. Ehud made a two-edged dagger a foot long, and wore it under his clothes over his right thigh. When Eglon's servant found him dead, Ehud had already escaped, taking refuge in Seriah. "On his arrival he sounded the horn in the mountain reign of Ephraim, and the Israelites went down from the mountains with him as their leader. "Follow me," he said to them, "for the Lord has delivered your enemies the Moabites into your power."
(Jgs 3:27-28) Ehud ruled Israel in peace for 80 years.
Shamgar killed 600 Philistines with an "ox goad." The goad was a formidable sharpointed instrument.
Shamgar
The Philistines used the Hebrews land for the purposes of plunder, when Shamgar was sent to be their deliverer,
to free the land from the oppression.
Deborah
Deborah became a judge at a time when Israel was experiencing a spiritual and moral decline. She was an prophetess in the Bible and the only woman to be an judge, when no men were willing to lead. When Deborah asked Barak to lead an army, he was scared and asked her to go with her. Deborah agreed to go with him if "but you shall not gain the glory in the expectation on which you are setting out, for the Lord will have Sisera fall into power of a woman." (Jgs 4:9) Under her guidance Barak, who was afraid to go without Deborah to lead the army, conquered Sisera and delivered Israel from the Canaanite King Jabin after twenty years of oppression with nine hundred iron chariots. When Barak went to fight Sisera, the entire army of Sisera fell beneath the sword of Barak, not one man surviving.
People would come to Deborah for judgment when she used to sit under a palm tree. It was improper for woman to be alone it a house with a man. Therefore, Deborah sit in a public place under a palm tree where she instructed the people in Torah.
Deborah asked Barak to take ten thousand men to fight against Sisera on Mount Tabor.
Deborah and Barak signing "The song of Deborah."
"The song of Deborah" celebrates Israel's victory and return to Torah observance.Time to time Deborah connected Israel to their divine lifeline, referring back to when the Torah was given at
Mount Sinai. Lyrics to "The Song of Deborah"
Gideon
At night, Gideon and his 300 men lit torches, blew trumpets and shouted "For the Lord and for Gideon." They stood and watched their enemies panick, and the Lord caused the enemy troops begin fighting and killing each other.
Gideon, meaning "he who casts down," was the fifth Judge of the Bible. A large army of Midianites and other nations united against Israel, making the people of Israel become poor slaves by going to their fields and destroying their harvest when they are ready to crop to feed their animals and families. It became so bad that the people of Israel had to hide in hillside caves. After seven years, the people of Israel realized how much they needed God and cried for his help. The Lord told Gideon he would make him strong and be the Israel's deliverer. Gideon was unsure if he could do such an important job delivering His people, however, God promised he would be with him. That night Gideon made and offering to God and God told Gideon to take two bulls out of the altar of the idol god Baal. One bull was to tear down the altar, cut down the wooden statue of Baal, build a proper altar to God, and sacrifice the other bull to God. When the townspeople found the destroyed altar of Baal, they concluded Gideon did it and wanted tokill him. When they townspeople went to Gideon's house they said they wanted to kill Gideon and the father, Joash, in reply, said "Do you intend to act in Baal's stead, or be his champion? If anyone acts for him, he shall be put to death by morning. If he whose altar has been destroyed is a god, let him act for himself!" Gideon sent messengers to gather men from different tribes, including his own to fight the Midianites, raising an army of 32,000, There were too much men and God instructed Gideon to send home men who were afraid. God did this so that the people of Israel would not boast to Him they saved themselves by their own strength. Land was at peace for 40 years. Gideons victory over the Midianites was remembered for many
generations as the"Day of Midian."
Abimelech
Abimelech was the son of the Judge Gideon. After Gideon died, the people of Israel began worshiping the Baals, making Baal of Berith their god. He became judge not through God's power, but because he was the son of Gideon's concubine.He reign over Israel for three years, making war on the people of Israel when they disagreed on his rules. After three years of judging, God put bad feelings between Abimelech and the people of Shechem who rebelled against him for payback for what he did to his brothers and the people of Shechem encouraging him to do it.
.
A woman dropped a millstone on his head and fractured his skull. Ambimelech knew his wound was fatal and immediately called his armor-bearer to thrust a sword through him so that he would not have to admit that a woman had killed him.
Wanting to rule over Israel, Abimelech assassinated all seventy of his brothers, except the youngest one, who escaped.
When the tower in the middle of Thebez,where all the men and women of Thebez and fled and shut themselves to, Abimelech set it on fire.
Tola judged Israel for twenty-three years . He was buried at Shamar in Mount Ephraim, where Abimelech lived and died.
Tola
Tola was from the tribe of Issachar
Jair
Jair was the eighth judge of Israel. He had thirty sons and had thirthy cities named after him "Havoth-jair." He was buried at Camon.
Jephthah fought the Ammonites in his first victory when he vowed to scarifice his daughter. Jephthah fought the Ephraim's after his battle with the Ammonites, when they asked him why he did not call them to help him. Jephthah said he did ask for their help however, they did not help. Soon after, Ephraim and Japhthah fought; Jephthah won.
Jephthah
Jephthah means "opened" or "opener," probably signifying "Yahweh will open," was born to Gilead of a harlot. His half-brother drove him out of their home because of his illegitimacy. He went wandering in the land of Tobit in Eastern Syria, where he and his followers lived the life of freebooters. The people of Israel, in danger of an invasion by the Ammonites, Jephthah was invited by the elders of to be their leader. Remembering how the Ammonites had expelled him from their territory, he goes for a more broader position, the chieftain, and the elders agreed for he will succeed. Jephthah did as he vowed, offered his daughter as a burnt offering. Jephthah served for six years
as a judge of Israel.
Before the battle began, he vowed that if he was successful in the battle, he would offer as a burnt offering to Yahweh whoever greeted him first from his doors when he returned. Jephthah won the battle fought and when he remembered about the vow, he was devastated. When he returned home, his daughter and only child was the first to greet him upon his arrival.
Jephthah did as he vowed, offered his daughter as a burnt offering.
Ibzan
Ibzan was the tenth judge of the Bible. He was the father of thirty sons and thirty daughters. Ibzan judged Israel for seven years and died in Bethlehem, where he was from.
Elon
Elon judged Israel for ten years. He was died and was buried in the land of Zebulun.
Abdon
Abdon was from the tribe of Ephraim. He had judged Israel for eight years.
Samson
Samson was was the most famous judge of Israel, the strong man of the Bible. Samson was the son of Manoah and from the tribe of Dan. An angel appeared to Manaoh wife, who was barren, and told her she would have a son, but he would be a Nazarite from the day he was born until he died, meaning he should not go near a dead body, his hair should never be cut, and he should not drink wine and not eat anything made from grapes, including raisins. The angel also told Manoah's wife that her son would begin to deliver Israel from the power of the Philistines. God gave Samson great strength so he could fight the Philistines alone. However, he had a great weakness too, he loved Philistine girls. In spite of Gods warnings, he let evil women influence him to sin again and again.When Samson married Timnah, he had thirty men as his companion. He gave a riddle to the thirty men, gave them seven days to solve it, and if they solved it, he would give them thirty linen tunics and thirty sets of garments, however, if they do not solve it, they would have to give to them what he had promised to give to them if they solved the riddle. The companions asked Timnah what the answer was to the riddle or else they would burn her and her family because it would cause them to be poverty-stricken. When Samson finally gave Timnah the answer to the riddle, the companions told Samson the answer and he got mad because he knew that Timnah had told them. Samson went down to Philistine and killed thirty men and gave garments to those who answered the riddle. Samson left for his own family and Timnah gor married to the best man at their wedding. When Samson went to visit Timnah and his child, Timnah's father did not visit her in private, therefore, he got mad and caught three hundred foxes, tied their tails together and put a burning torch between each pair of tails.Then he turned them loose in the fields of the Philistines, destroying their grain, vineyards, and olive groves. The Philistines wished they knew what made Samson so strong because he made them look like fools by going in and out of their city whenever he pleased. About some time, Samson fell in love with another Philistine woman named Delilah. The Philistines bribed her with 1,000 silver coins to find out what was the secret to her strength. Delilah begged Samson over and over to tell her his secret so he could tell her people, until he finally told her he would lose his strength if he lost his hair. Samson is captured by the Philistines and his eyes are put out. Soon after Samson regained his strength with the return of his hair without anyone knowing about it. Those he killed at his death was more than he killed in the time he was alive. Samson had judged Israel for twenty years.
Samson first showed his great strength when he tore a lion apart with his bare hands. Samson was on his way to visit the Philistine girl, Timnah, he later married when the lion came roaring at him, taking him by surprise. However, God’s Spirit came upon him and helped him overcome the lion.
When Samson went to marry Timnah, he looked at the remains of the lion he killed, and found bees and honey in the lions carcass. Samson scooped some honey into his palms and ate it as he continued on his journey. When he gathered with his parents, he gave honey to them, without telling them it was from the lion's carcass.
The Philistines tried to trap him inside their walls once by locking the gate, however, Samson just pulled the gates off the hinges and carried them up the hill.
The Philistines made Samson a prisoner and set him to grinding grains for them.
One time Samson killed 3,000 Philistines with the jawbone of a donkey.
One day when thousands of Philistines gathered in the temple of their idol Dagon, they brought the blind Samson out to make fun of him. Samson had a plan. Pretending to need a place to lean, he got his guide to chain him to the central pillars, which held up the temple. Then praying to God, to give him one more strength, he pulled down the pillars and caused the roof to collapse, killing him and everyonein it.
While Samson was sleeping, Delilah and a servant shaved his hair off.
Conclusion
General summary on the Judges
Map of where the Judges lived.
Map Reference
The people of Israel sin againist God, however, they cried out for his help when they coud no longer stand the oppression that was put on them. God sent Judges to protect them and lead them out of the oppression. When a judge was sent, the people of Israel lived under a peaceful community, however, when a judge died, they would fall into worshiping idols again until they, again, could no longer stand the oppression that was placed on them and cried out for God's help again. Again and again the people of Israel would worship false idols, cried out for God's help when they could no longer stand the oppression, and a judge would be sent to protect, lead them out of the oppression, and place them into a peaceful community. The Judges delivered the people of Israel from oppression and completed the mission God had assigned them to. May they now rest in peace.
The people of Israel follow the same pattern when a judge is not delivered yet to when they are. It is: sin, oppression, repentance, deliverance, and then sin again !
The book of Judges took place in a time when there was no king. The Lord wanted his people to follow his orders through the laws and prophets, however they rebelled. Because of His people disobedience, God subjected foreign powers. After, when the people called out to the Lord, He would call leaders known as Judges to deliver them out of bondage. The men that served as Judges of Israel are: Othniel, Ehud, Shamgar, Deborah, Gideon, Abimelech, Tola, Jair, Jephthah, Ibzan, Elon, Abdon, and Samson. Soon after Samson served as a Judge, the people who served after him lead to a downfall. The people became tired of the Judges and wanted a human king; God granted their wish against his will. An era in Old Testament history had ended.
Tiffany Zhang's Research
Tiffany Zhang's Research
Tiffany Zhang's Research
It all began like this: "An angel of the Lord went up from Gilgal to Bochim and said "It is I who brought you up from Egypt and led you into the land which I promised on oath to your fathers. I said I would never break my covenant with you, but that you were not to make a pact with the inhabitants of this land, and you were not to pull down the altars. Yet you have not obeyed me. What do you mean by this? For now I tell you, I will not clear them out of your way; they shall become a snare for you." (Jgs 2:1-3) "When the angel of the Lord had made these threats to all the Israelites, the people wept outloud; so that place came to be called Bochim. They offered sacrifice there to the Lord." (Jgs 2:4-5) "But once the rest of that generation were gathered to their fathers, and a later generation arose that did not know the Lord, or what he had done for Israel, the Israelites offended the Lord by serving Baals." (Jgs 2:10-11) "He allowed them to fall into the power of their enemies round about whom they were no longer able to withstand. Whatever they undertook, the Lord turned into disaster for them, as in warning he had sworn he would do, till they were in great distress" (Jgs 2:14-15) "Whenever the Lord raised up judges for them, he would be with the judge and save them from the power of their enemies as long as the judge lived; it was thus the Lord took pity on their distressful cries under their oppressors. But when the judge died, they would lapse and do worse than their fathers, following other gods in service and worship, relinquishing none of their evil practices or stubborn conduct." (Jgs 2:18-19) In his anger toward Israel the Lord said, "Inasmuch as this nation has violated my covenant which I enjoined on their fathers, and has disobeyed me, I for my part will not clear away for them any more of the nations which Joshua left when he died." Through these nations the Israelites were to be made to prove whether or not they would keep to the way of the Lord and continue in it as their fathers had done; therefore the Lord allowed them to remain instead of expelling them immediately, or delivering them into the power of Israel." (Jgs 2: 20-23)
Othniel
When the Israelite forgot about their need for God and what He had done for them,God did two things: First, he allowed them to be defeated by what they were drawn into-prideful independence. Second, God delivered
someone who will remind them about the power of God and their reliability upon God for His power in their life. God's second action could be seen in Othniel's name, meaning "power of God" and also in his life in that, "The Spirit of the Lord came upon Him." Othniel was a visible sign of His own power.Cushan-Rishathaim oppressed the Israelites for eight years; when they cried for God, Othniel was raised to be their deliverer. "The spirit of the Lord came upon him, and he judged Israel. When he went out to war, the Lord delivered Cushan-risha-thaim, king of Aram, into his power, so that he made him subject." (Jgs 3:10) Under Othniel, peace lasted for forty years.
Ehud
After the death Othniel, the Israelites were drawn to idolatry again.They worshipped Eglon, the fat king of Moab,because he attacked and defeated Israel, and took possession of their land, who oppressed the Israelites for eighteen years. The Israelites cried out to the Lord again, and He gave them a deliverer called Ehud, which means "strong" in Hebrew, a left-handed judge. Ehud made a two-edged dagger a foot long, and wore it under his clothes over his right thigh. When Eglon's servant found him dead, Ehud had already escaped, taking refuge in Seriah. "On his arrival he sounded the horn in the mountain reign of Ephraim, and the Israelites went down from the mountains with him as their leader. "Follow me," he said to them, "for the Lord has delivered your enemies the Moabites into your power."
(Jgs 3:27-28) Ehud ruled Israel in peace for 80 years.
Shamgar
The Philistines used the Hebrews land for the purposes of plunder, when Shamgar was sent to be their deliverer,
to free the land from the oppression.
Deborah
Deborah became a judge at a time when Israel was experiencing a spiritual and moral decline. She was an prophetess in the Bible and the only woman to be an judge, when no men were willing to lead. When Deborah asked Barak to lead an army, he was scared and asked her to go with her. Deborah agreed to go with him if "but you shall not gain the glory in the expectation on which you are setting out, for the Lord will have Sisera fall into power of a woman." (Jgs 4:9) Under her guidance Barak, who was afraid to go without Deborah to lead the army, conquered Sisera and delivered Israel from the Canaanite King Jabin after twenty years of oppression with nine hundred iron chariots. When Barak went to fight Sisera, the entire army of Sisera fell beneath the sword of Barak, not one man surviving.
"The song of Deborah" celebrates Israel's victory and return to Torah observance.Time to time Deborah connected Israel to their divine lifeline, referring back to when the Torah was given at
Mount Sinai. Lyrics to "The Song of Deborah"
Gideon
Gideon, meaning "he who casts down," was the fifth Judge of the Bible. A large army of Midianites and other nations united against Israel, making the people of Israel become poor slaves by going to their fields and destroying their harvest when they are ready to crop to feed their animals and families. It became so bad that the people of Israel had to hide in hillside caves. After seven years, the people of Israel realized how much they needed God and cried for his help. The Lord told Gideon he would make him strong and be the Israel's deliverer. Gideon was unsure if he could do such an important job delivering His people, however, God promised he would be with him. That night Gideon made and offering to God and God told Gideon to take two bulls out of the altar of the idol god Baal. One bull was to tear down the altar, cut down the wooden statue of Baal, build a proper altar to God, and sacrifice the other bull to God. When the townspeople found the destroyed altar of Baal, they concluded Gideon did it and wanted tokill him. When they townspeople went to Gideon's house they said they wanted to kill Gideon and the father, Joash, in reply, said "Do you intend to act in Baal's stead, or be his champion? If anyone acts for him, he shall be put to death by morning. If he whose altar has been destroyed is a god, let him act for himself!" Gideon sent messengers to gather men from different tribes, including his own to fight the Midianites, raising an army of 32,000, There were too much men and God instructed Gideon to send home men who were afraid. God did this so that the people of Israel would not boast to Him they saved themselves by their own strength. Land was at peace for 40 years. Gideons victory over the Midianites was remembered for many
generations as the"Day of Midian."
Abimelech
Abimelech was the son of the Judge Gideon. After Gideon died, the people of Israel began worshiping the Baals, making Baal of Berith their god. He became judge not through God's power, but because he was the son of Gideon's concubine.He reign over Israel for three years, making war on the people of Israel when they disagreed on his rules. After three years of judging, God put bad feelings between Abimelech and the people of Shechem who rebelled against him for payback for what he did to his brothers and the people of Shechem encouraging him to do it.
.
Tola
Jair
Jephthah
Jephthah means "opened" or "opener," probably signifying "Yahweh will open," was born to Gilead of a harlot. His half-brother drove him out of their home because of his illegitimacy. He went wandering in the land of Tobit in Eastern Syria, where he and his followers lived the life of freebooters. The people of Israel, in danger of an invasion by the Ammonites, Jephthah was invited by the elders of to be their leader. Remembering how the Ammonites had expelled him from their territory, he goes for a more broader position, the chieftain, and the elders agreed for he will succeed. Jephthah did as he vowed, offered his daughter as a burnt offering. Jephthah served for six years
as a judge of Israel.
Ibzan
Elon
Abdon
Samson
Samson was was the most famous judge of Israel, the strong man of the Bible. Samson was the son of Manoah and from the tribe of Dan. An angel appeared to Manaoh wife, who was barren, and told her she would have a son, but he would be a Nazarite from the day he was born until he died, meaning he should not go near a dead body, his hair should never be cut, and he should not drink wine and not eat anything made from grapes, including raisins. The angel also told Manoah's wife that her son would begin to deliver Israel from the power of the Philistines. God gave Samson great strength so he could fight the Philistines alone. However, he had a great weakness too, he loved Philistine girls. In spite of Gods warnings, he let evil women influence him to sin again and again.When Samson married Timnah, he had thirty men as his companion. He gave a riddle to the thirty men, gave them seven days to solve it, and if they solved it, he would give them thirty linen tunics and thirty sets of garments, however, if they do not solve it, they would have to give to them what he had promised to give to them if they solved the riddle. The companions asked Timnah what the answer was to the riddle or else they would burn her and her family because it would cause them to be poverty-stricken. When Samson finally gave Timnah the answer to the riddle, the companions told Samson the answer and he got mad because he knew that Timnah had told them. Samson went down to Philistine and killed thirty men and gave garments to those who answered the riddle. Samson left for his own family and Timnah gor married to the best man at their wedding. When Samson went to visit Timnah and his child, Timnah's father did not visit her in private, therefore, he got mad and caught three hundred foxes, tied their tails together and put a burning torch between each pair of tails.Then he turned them loose in the fields of the Philistines, destroying their grain, vineyards, and olive groves. The Philistines wished they knew what made Samson so strong because he made them look like fools by going in and out of their city whenever he pleased. About some time, Samson fell in love with another Philistine woman named Delilah. The Philistines bribed her with 1,000 silver coins to find out what was the secret to her strength. Delilah begged Samson over and over to tell her his secret so he could tell her people, until he finally told her he would lose his strength if he lost his hair. Samson is captured by the Philistines and his eyes are put out. Soon after Samson regained his strength with the return of his hair without anyone knowing about it. Those he killed at his death was more than he killed in the time he was alive. Samson had judged Israel for twenty years.
Conclusion
Map Reference
The people of Israel sin againist God, however, they cried out for his help when they coud no longer stand the oppression that was put on them. God sent Judges to protect them and lead them out of the oppression. When a judge was sent, the people of Israel lived under a peaceful community, however, when a judge died, they would fall into worshiping idols again until they, again, could no longer stand the oppression that was placed on them and cried out for God's help again. Again and again the people of Israel would worship false idols, cried out for God's help when they could no longer stand the oppression, and a judge would be sent to protect, lead them out of the oppression, and place them into a peaceful community. The Judges delivered the people of Israel from oppression and completed the mission God had assigned them to. May they now rest in peace.
Resources
"Biblical Judges." Wikipedia. Ed. Robert G. Boling, Richar D. Nelson, Michael D. Coogan, and C. U. Wolf. Wikipedia. Web. 11 Dec. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biblical_judges>.
("Biblical Judges", 2010)
McDermott, Terry. "The Judges of the Old Testament." Essortment.com. ESSORTMENT, 2002. Web. 11 Dec. 2010. <http://www.essortment.com /all/oldtestamentju_rbpg.htm>.
(McDermott, 2002)
Easton's Bible Dictonary. "Othniel." Wikipedia. Wikipedia. Web. 14 Dec. 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Othniel.
(Easton's Bible Dictonary, 2010)
Gordon, I. "Othniel and the Power of God." Jesus plus Nothing. Jesus plus Nothing. Web. 14 Dec. 2010. http://www.jesusplusnothing.com/studies/online/judges5.htm.
(Gordon, 2010)
"Ehud the Second Judge of Israel." A Pictorial Bible Commentary. A Pictorial Bible Commentary. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. http://www.bibleview.org/en/Bible/Judges/Ehud/.
(Ehud the Second Judge of Israel, 2010)
"Ehud (Judge of Israel)." BibleWiki. BibleWiki. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. http://www.biblewiki.be/wiki/Ehud_(Judge_of_Israel).
("Ehud(Judge of Israel)", 2010)
"Shamgar." Christ Notes. Easton's Bible Dictonary. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. http://www.christnotes.org/dictionary.php?dict=ebd&id=3308.
("Shamgar," 2010)
"Deborah the Prophetess." Web. 16 Dec. 2010. http://www.amit.org.il/learning/english/jw/deborah.htm.
("Deborah the Prophetess," 2010)
"Gideon." AboutBibleProphecy.com. AboutBibleProphecy.com. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. http://www.aboutbibleprophecy.com/p16.htm.
("Gideon," 2010)
"Deborah: Prophetess, Mother and Judge." Tripod. Tripod. Web. 17 Dec. 2010. http://rinahshal.tripod.com/id146.html.
("Deborah: Prophetess, Mother and Judge," 2010)
"Gideon and the Midianites." EBibleTeacher.com. EBibleTeacher.com. Web. 17 Dec. 2010. http://www.ebibleteacher.com/children/lessons/OT/Judges/Gideon_text.htm.
("Gideon and the Midianites,"2010)
"Abimelech, the Judge." AboutBibleProphecy.com. AboutBibleProphecy.com. Web. 18 Dec. 2010. <http://www.aboutbibleprophecy.com/p263.htm>.
("Abimelech the Judge," 2010)
"Judges of Israel." Akhlah. Akhlah. Web. 18 Dec. 2010. <http://www.akhlah.com/history_tradition/judges_of_israel.php>.
("Judges of Israel," 2010)
"Jair (Judge of Israel)." BibleWiki. BibleWiki. Web. 18 Dec. 2010. <http://www.biblewiki.be/wiki/Jair_%28Judge_of_Israel%29>.
("Jair( (Judge of Israel)," 2010)
"Jephthah." Bible History Online. Ed. James M.A. Orr. Bible History Online. Web. 18 Dec. 2010. <http://www.bible-history.com/isbe/J/JEPHTHAH/>.
("Jephthah," 2010)
"Samson, Israel's Strong Judge." EBibleTeacher.com. EBibleTeacher.com. Web. 19 Dec. 2010. <http://www.ebibleteacher.com/children/lessons/OT/Judges/Samson_text.htm>.
("Samson, Israel's Strong Judge," 2010)
Suzy. "Blogging the Bible with Suzy." Blogspot. Blogspot. Web. 19 Dec. 2010. <http://mdumc.blogspot.com/>.
(Suzy, 2010)